Composition
The Philharmonic Society of London originally commissioned the symphony in 1817. Preliminary sketches (rough outlines) for the … अधिक देखें

The symphony is in four movements. The structure of each movement is as follows:
Tempo marking Meter Key Movement I Allegro ma … अधिक देखें

Metronome markings
Conductors in the historically informed performance movement, notably Roger Norrington, have used Beethoven's suggested … अधिक देखें

Many later composers of the Romantic period and beyond were influenced by the Ninth Symphony.
An important … अधिक देखें

The symphony was dedicated to the King of Prussia, Frederick William III.
Music critics almost universally consider the Ninth Symphony one of Beethoven's greatest works, … अधिक देखें

The British premiere of the symphony was presented on 21 March 1825 by its commissioners, the Philharmonic Society of London, at its Argyll Rooms conducted by Sir George Smart and with the choral part sung in Italian. The American premiere was … अधिक देखें

• Buch, Esteban, Beethoven's Ninth: A Political History, translated by Richard Miller, ISBN 0-226-07824-8 (University of Chicago Press) अधिक देखें